Journal Press India^®

Author Details ( * ) denotes Corresponding author

Rapid infrastructure development is now necessary due to the growing population, which calls for massive amounts of fresh water. The globe is already experiencing a water crisis, and by the end of 2030, 700 million people will be suffering from a lack of water, according to UNICEF estimates. In such situation, it is necessary to reduce the use of fresh water in construction industries by replacing fresh water with sea water, domestic and industrial waste water. This article aims to provide the short review to create knowhow of the utilization of water other than fresh water in the construction on the basis of previous researches. This article has covered the impact of seawater and recycled waste water on the structural and resilience qualities and it was found that use of high amount of salt present in sea water reduces the compressive strength but it can be countered by using admixtures and special types of cements and the use of sea water and recycled waste water in the cement concrete requires high degree of supervision.

Keywords

permeability, setting time, concrete, impurities, efflorescence, turbidity, brackish water

1. Saravanan, A., Kumar, P. S., Jeevanantham, S., Karishma, S., Tajsabreen, B., Yaashikaa, P. R., & Reshma, B. (2021). Effective water/wastewater treatment methodologies for toxic pollutants removal: Processes and applications towards sustainable development. Chemosphere, 280, 130595.
2. Rajasulochana, P., & Preethy, V. (2016). Comparison on efficiency of various techniques in treatment of waste and sewage water–A comprehensive review. Resource-Efficient Technologies, 2(4), 175-184.
3. Al-Amshawee, S., Yunus, M. Y. B. M., Azoddein, A. A. M., Hassell, D. G., Dakhil, I. H., & Hasan, H. A. (2020). Electrodialysis desalination for water and wastewater: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 380, 122231.
4. Voutchkov, Nikolay. "Energy use for membrane seawater desalination–current status and trends." Desalination 431 (2018): 2-14.
5. Ungureanu, G., Santos, S., Boaventura, R., & Botelho, C. (2015). Arsenic and antimony in water and wastewater: Overview of removal techniques with special reference to latest advances in adsorption. Journal of environmental management, 151, 326-342.
6. Kreitler, Charles W. Geochemical techniques for identifying sources of ground-water salinization. Routledge, 2023.
7. Richardson, Susan D., and Thomas A. Ternes. "Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues." Anal. Chem 90.1 (2018): 398-428.
8. Rowe, Donald R., and Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid. Handbook of wastewater reclamation and reuse. CRC press, 2020.
9. Jaramillo, María Fernanda, and Inés Restrepo. "Wastewater reuse in agriculture: A review about its limitations and benefits." Sustainability 9.10 (2017): 1734.
10. Jones, E., Qadir, M., van Vliet, M. T., Smakhtin, V., & Kang, S. M. (2019). The state of desalination and brine production: A global outlook. Science of the Total Environment, 657, 1343-1356.
11. Gray, Nick. Water technology. CRC Press, 2017.
12. Shindhal, T., Rakholiya, P., Varjani, S., Pandey, A., Ngo, H. H., Guo, W., ... & Taherzadeh, M. J. (2021). A critical review on advances in the practices and perspectives for the treatment of dye industry wastewater. Bioengineered, 12(1), 70-87.
13. Sharma, Vikrant, Gomti Borkute, and Sarang P. Gumfekar. "Biomimetic nanofiltration membranes: Critical review of materials, structures, and applications to water purification." Chemical Engineering Journal 433 (2022): 133823.
14. M. Verma, N. Sharma, P. Sharma, and P. Singh, “Evaluate the Effect in Terms of Setting Time and Compressive Strength of Oleic Acid as an Admixture in Cement,” Test  Eng.  Manag.,  vol.  May-June, pp. 12422–12427, 2020.
15. N. Sharma, P. Sharma, and A. K. Parashar, “Incorporation of Silica Fume and Waste Corn Cob Ash in Cement and Concrete for Sustainable Environment,” Materials Today: Proceedings, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.MATPR.2022.04.677.
16. A. K. Parashar, N. Gupta, K. Kishore, and P. A. Nagar, “An experimental investigation on  mechanical properties of calcined clay concrete embedded with bacillus subtilis,”  Mater.  Today Proc., Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.031.
17. N. Sharma, P. Sharma, and A. K. Parashar, “Use of waste glass and demolished brick as coarse aggregate in production of sustainable concrete,” Materials Today: Proceedings, May 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.MATPR.2022.04.602.
18. M. Verma, N. Sharma, P. Sharma, and P. Singh, “Evaluate the Effect in Terms of Setting Time and Compressive Strength of Oleic Acid as an Admixture in Cement,” Test Engineering and Management, vol. May-June, no. 23116, pp. 12422–12427, 2020.
19. Mausam, K., Kumar Singh, P., Sharma, K., & Gupta, R. C. (2016). Investigation of Process Parameter of EDM using Genetic Algorithm (GA) Approach for Carbon Fiber based Two Phase Epoxy composites. Materials Today: Proceedings, 3(10), 4102–4108. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2016.11.081.
20. Hemant singh Parihar, Prakash Singh, Prashant Sharma, Neha Sharma, Yogendra Kumar, “Exploring the Effects of Stearic Acid in Terms of Setting Time and Compressive Strength as an Admixture in Cement Mortar,” Test Engineering and Management, vol. May-June, pp. 23116–23120, 2020.
21. Zhang, Q., Xu, E. G., Li, J., Chen, Q., Ma, L., Zeng, E. Y., & Shi, H. (2020). A review of microplastics in table salt, drinking water, and air: direct human exposure. Environmental science & technology, 54(7), 3740-3751.
22. Mater. Struct. Constr. 2012, 45, 1625–1638.
23. Pushpendra Kumar Singh Rathore, Naveen Kumar Gupta, Devanand Yadav, Shailendra Kumar Shukla, Sanjay Kaul, Thermal performance of the building envelope integrated with phase change material for thermal energy storage: an updated review., Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 79, 2022, 103690, ISSN 2210-6707.
24. Sanfeng Dong, Khaled S Al-Zahrani, Shaker A Reda, Kamal Sharma, Majdi Talal Amin, Elsayed Tag-Eldin, Mohammad Mehdizadeh Youshanlouei, Investigation of thermal performance of a shell and tube latent heat thermal energy storage tank in the presence of different nano-enhanced PCMs, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, Volume 37, 2022, 102280, ISSN 2214-157X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102280.
25. X. Xue et al., “A systematic investigation of the waterproofing performance and chloride resistance of a self-developed waterborne silane-based hydrophobic agent for mortar and concrete,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 155, pp. 939–946, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.042.
26. A. Kumar, K. Sharma, and A. R. Dixit, “Role of graphene in biosensor and protective textile against viruses,” Medical Hypotheses, vol. 144, p. 110253, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.MEHY.2020.110253.
27. Yıldırım, G.;  Khiavi, A.H.;  Yes¸ilmen, S.;  S¸ ahmaran, M. Self-healing performance of aged cementitious composites. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2018, 87, 172–186.
28. Nakul Gupta, Ashish Shukla, Ankur Gupta, Rajesh Goel, Vikram Singh. "A Review on the selection of the variant Water in Concreting", IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020.