Journal Press India®

Internationalization of Firms: Trends and Incentives with Special Emphasis on Indian MNEs

Vol 10 , Issue 1 , January - June 2023 | Pages: 86-109 | Research Paper  

 
Article has been added to the cart.View Cart (0)
https://doi.org/10.17492/jpi.focus.v10i1.1012305


Author Details ( * ) denotes Corresponding author

1. * Neyati Ahuja, Assistant Professor, Commerce, Shaheed Bhagat Singh College, DELHI, Delhi, India (neyatiahujadse@gmail.com)

There has been a recent increase in internationalization of firms from India both in manufacturing as well as service sector. These firms have also witnessed international success and improved financial performance. Considering this, the current study examines the trends of internationalization (using exports) at global level and for India. India has remained in the top 25 exporting economies since many years and the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) for exports from India for the period of study 2010-2021 was 5.3%. The analysis of growth in exports and operating profit highlights the growing importance of internationalization in today’s era. The study further examines the policy initiative taken by the government of India to promote exports and finds a high degree of correlation between the overall exports from India and the expenditure on export promotion scheme.

Keywords

Internationalization; Exports; Outwards foreign direct investment; Compounded annual growth rate; Export promotion schemes, India

  1. Altindag, E., & Karkacier, M. (2014). The effect of business firms’ international activities on the firm performance: A central black sea region case. International Review of Management and Marketing, 4(2), 108-122. Retrieved from https://www.semantics cholar.org/paper/The-Effect-of-Business-Firms%E2%80%99-International-on-the-Altind ag-Karkacier/9cb438e78d6b7793615e4fe8757e4bf3508eb3ff?p2df.
  2. Bausch, A., & Krist, M. (2007). The effect of context-related moderators on the internationalization-performance relationship: Evidence from meta-analysis. Management International Review, 47(3), 319-347. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-007-0019-z.
  3. Boermans, M. A., & Roelfsema, H. (2016). Small firm internationalization, innovation, and growth. International Economics and Economic Policy, 13(2), 283-296. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10368-014-0310-y.
  4. Borda, A., Geleilate, J. M. G., Newburry, W., & Kundu, S. K. (2017). Firm internationalization, business group diversification and firm performance: The case of Latin American firms. Journal of Business Research, 72, 104-113. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.11.006.
  5. Capar, N., & Kotabe, M. (2003). The relationship between international diversification and performance in service firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 34(4), 345-355. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400036.
  6. Chen, Y., Jiang, Y., Wang, C., & Hsu, W. C. (2014). How do resources and diversification strategy explain the performance consequences of internationalization? Management Decision, 52(5), 897-915. Retrieved from https://www.emerald.com/ insight/content/doi/10.1108/MD-10-2013-0527/full/html.
  7. Contractor, F. J., Kumar, V., & Kundu, S. K. (2007). Nature of the relationship between international expansion and performance: The case of emerging market firms. Journal of World Business, 42(4), 401-417. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.200 7.06.003.
  8. Contractor, F. J., Kundu, S. K., & Hsu, C. C. (2003). A three-stage theory of international expansion: The link between multinationality and performance in the service sector. Journal of International Business Studies, 34(1), 5-18. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400003.
  9. Debicki, B. J., Miao, C., & Qian, S. (2020). Internationalization and family firm performance. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 27(1), 1-25. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-04-2019-0075.
  10. Elango, B. (2006). An empirical analysis of the internationalization‐performance relationship across emerging market firms. Multinational Business Review, 14(1), 21-44. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/1525383X200600002.
  11. Elango, B., & Sethi, S. P. (2007). An exploration of the relationship between country of origin (COE) and the internationalization-performance paradigm. Management International Review, 47(3), 369-392. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-007-0021-5.
  12. Endo, N., & Ozaki, T. (2011). The effect of multinationality on firm performance: An examination of Japanese service firms. Asian Business & Management, 10(1), 133-150. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1057/abm.2010.32.
  13. Ganvir, M. B., & Dwivedi, N. (2017). Internationalization and performance of Indian born globals. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 12(1), 108-124. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-12-2014-0207.
  14. Gaur, A. S., & Kumar, V. (2009). International diversification, business group affiliation and firm performance: Empirical evidence from India. British Journal of Management, 20(2), 172-186. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2007.00558.x.
  15. Gaur, A., & Delios, A. (2015). International diversification of emerging market firms: The role of ownership structure and group affiliation. Management International Review, 55(2), 235-253. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0240-0.
  16. Gomes, L., & Ramaswamy, K. (1999). An empirical examination of the form of the relationship between multinationality and performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 30(1), 173-187. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ji bs.8490065.
  17. Grant, R. M. (1987). Multinationality and performance among British manufacturing companies. Journal of International Business Studies, 18(3), 79-89. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490413.
  18. Halkos, G., & Tzeremes, N. (2007). Examining the relationship between firm internationalization and firm performance: A nonparametric analysis. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/32082.
  19. Hayes, A. (2021). Internationalization: Definition, examples and benefits. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/internationalization.asp.
  20. Hennart, J. F. (2007). The theoretical rationale for a multinationality-performance relationship. Management International Review, 47(3), 423-452.
  21. Hojnik, J., Ruzzier, M., & Manolova, T. S. (2018). Internationalization and economic performance: The mediating role of eco-innovation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 1312-1323. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.111.
  22. Hsu, C. C., & Boggs, D. J. (2003). Internationalization and performance: Traditional measures and their decomposition. Multinational Business Review, 11(3), 23-50. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/1525383X200300015.
  23. Hsu, C. C., & Pereira, A. (2008). Internationalization and performance: The moderating effects of organizational learning. Omega, 36(2), 188-205. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2006.06.004.
  24. Jung, J. C., & Bansal, P. (2009). How firm performance affects internationalization. Management International Review, 49(6), 709-732. Retrieved from https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11575-009-0014-7.
  25. Jung, Y. (1991). Multinationality and profitability. Journal of Business Research, 23(2), 179-187. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(91)90027-U.
  26. Kafouros, M. I., Buckley, P. J., Sharp, J. A., & Wang, C. (2008). The role of internationalization in explaining innovation performance. Technovation, 28(1-2), 63-74. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.07.009.
  27. Kudina, A., & Rugman, A. (2009). Testing the link between multinationality and the return on foreign assets. Multinational Business Review, 17(3), 123-142. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/1525383X200900020.
  28. Kumar, V., & Singh, N. (2008). Internationalization and performance of Indian pharmaceutical firms. Thunderbird International Business Review, 50(5), 321-330. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20217.
  29. Lana, J., Marcon, R., Bandeira-de-Mello, R., & Xavier, W. (2017). Financial dimension of internationalization: serving two masters. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 17(2), 305-320. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/ CG-05-2016-0110.
  30. Lee, S., Upneja, A., Özdemir, Ö., & Sun, K. A. (2014). A synergy effect of internationalization and firm size on performance: US hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(1), 35-49. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2012-0173.
  31. Miller, S. R., Lavie, D., & Delios, A. (2011, January). The performance implications of international intensity, diversity, and distance. Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2011.65869133.
  32. Olmos, M. F., & Díez-Vial, I. (2015). Internationalization pathways and the performance of SMEs. European Journal of Marketing, 49(3), 420-443. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-06-2012-0365.
  33. Phan, A., & Lu, T. (2020). The existence of W-shaped relationship between internationalization and firm performance: An empirical study of enterprises in Cameroon. Decision Science Letters, 9(4), 573-580. Retrieved from DOI: 10.5267/j.dsl.2020.7.001.
  34. Shin, J., Mendoza, X., Hawkins, M. A., & Choi, C. (2017). The relationship between multinationality and performance: Knowledge-intensive vs. capital-intensive service micro-multinational enterprises. International Business Review, 26(5), 867-880. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2017.02.005.
  35. Sullivan, D. (1994). Measuring the degree of internationalization of a firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 25(2), 325-342. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1057/ palgrave.jibs.8490203.
  36. Sun, W., Price, J., & Ding, Y. (2019). The longitudinal effects of internationalization on firm performance: The moderating role of marketing capability. Journal of Business Research, 95, 326-337. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.08.014.
  37. Tallman, S., & Li, J. (1996). Effects of international diversity and product diversity on the performance of multinational firms. Academy of Management journal, 39(1), 179-196. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5465/256635.
  38. United Nation Conference on Trade and Development. (2018). World investment report, 2018: Investment and new industrial policies. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/system/ files/official-document/wir2018_en.pdf.
  39. World Trade Organization (2017). World trade statistical review. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2017_e/wts2017_e.pdf.
  40. World Trade Organization (2018). World trade statistical review. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2018_e/wts2018_e.pdf.
  41. World Trade Organization (2019). World trade statistical review. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2019_e/wts2019_e.pdf.
  42. World Trade Organization (2020). World trade statistical review. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2020_e/wts2020_e.pdf.
  43. World Trade Organization (2021). World trade statistical review. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2021_e/wts2021_e.pdf.
  44. Wu, D., Wu, X. B., & Zhou, H. J. (2012). International expansion and firm performance in emerging market: evidence from China. Chinese Management Studies, 6(3), 509-528. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/17506141211259168.
  45. Xiao, S. S., Jeong, I., Moon, J. J., Chung, C. C., & Chung, J. (2013). Internationalization and performance of firms in China: Moderating effects of governance structure and the degree of centralized control. Journal of International Management, 19(2), 118-137.
  46. Yip, G., Kudina, A., & Rugman, A. (2009). Testing the link between multinationality and the return on foreign assets. Multinational Business Review, 17(3), 123-142. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/1525383X200900020.
  47. Zainudin, R., Mahdzan, N. S., & Mohamad, N. N. (2021). Internationalisation and financial performance: in the case of global automotive firms. Review of International Business and Strategy, 31(1), 80-102. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-04-2020-0039
  48. Zúñiga-Vicente, J. Á., Benito-Osorio, D., Guerras-Martín, L. Á., & Colino, A. (2019). The effects of international diversification on the link between product diversification and performance in a boom and bust cycle: Evidence from Spanish firms (1994–2014). Journal of International Management, 25(4), 100687. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2019.100687.
Abstract Views: 3
PDF Views: 1

By continuing to use this website, you consent to the use of cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy.