Journal Press India^®

Author Details ( * ) denotes Corresponding author

Purpose: The present research attempts to analyse the leadership styles of managers in a selection of state owned enterprises (SOEs) and private enterprises (PEs) in Papua New Guinea using solicited responses from selected managers of different categories at different levels. It also deals with the association among leadership styles of managers, performance and satisfaction of leaders as well as followers. Design/Methodology/Approach: This is basically an empirical study about the leadership styles of managers, performance and satisfaction levels of leaders and followers in selected SOEs and PEs based on the perception of managers working in PEs like, ANZ Bank, City Pharmacy, Air Lines PNG and Arnotts Biscuits (PNG) Limited, and SOEs like Eda Ranu, Telecom PNG, Air Niugini and Post PNG. SOEs and PEs were selected to facilitate comparison between public and private sector organisations. Findings: The research analysis shows that it is inferred that the leadership style of managers working in SOEs and PEs differ significantly as categorized into hierarchy, qualification and experience basis. This is also true regarding various leadership styles viz. autocratic, participative, developmental and transformational. Research Limitations: The main limitation of the study was that the data was based only on secondary sources. Managerial Implications: The implication for management is that the analysis indicates that the leadership style of managers in SOEs, at all levels of management and that of lower level managers in PEs have not been in tune with the desired performance and satisfaction levels. This trend in turn would hamper performance and satisfaction phenomenally at all levels of management in SOEs and at lower levels in PEs. Therefore, it is suggested that the SOEs should train, educate and enable managers at all levels to use participative, developmental and transformational leadership styles whenever situations warrant. Originality/Value: This study showcased the original work of the authors in state owned and private enterprises.

Keywords

Leadership Styles, Performance, and Satisfaction.

1. Datta, K.V. (1999), “Leadership and Motivation in Banking Industry in India” Personnel Today, Vol.XX, No.3.
2. Datta, K.V. (2003), “Leadership and Motivation in Banking Industry in India” Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Vol.XXXXII, No.1.
3. Hess, M. (2001), “Management and Culture under Development”, Labour and Management in Development, Vol.2, No.3, pp.2-22, http//ncdsnet.anu.edu.au (Accessed 24/06/05).
4. Imbun, B.Y. and Richard, Morres (2001), “Labour and Mining in Remote Areas” in Imbun, B.Y. and McGavin P.A., (Eds.) Mining in Papua New Guinea, University of Papua New Guinea Press, Port Moresby, pp.81-95.
5. Imbun, B.Y. (2001), “Human Resource Management in PNG Mining: Evidences from Porgera”, in Imbun, B.Y. and McGavin, P.A., (Eds.) Mining in Papua New Guinea, University of Papua New Guinea Press, Port Moresby, pp.96-112.
6. Kavanamur, D., Okole, H with Manning, M. and Levantis, T. (2004), “Understanding Reforms in Papua New Guinea: An Analytical Evaluation”, A Global Development Network and Aus AID study, Monograph.
7. Khandelwall, P.N. (1994), “Human Resource Development in Banks”, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.Pvt. Limited, New Delhi.
8. Krishna, K.S. (2005), “Leadership Styles Among Manufacturing Industries in Vusakhapatnam”, GITAM Journal of Management, Vol.3, No.1.
9. McGavin, P.A., Jones, L.T., and Imbun, B.Y. (2001), “In Country fly-in/fly-out and National HR Development: Evidence from PNG”, in Imbun, B.Y. and McGavin P.A., (Eds.), Mining in Papua New Guinea, University of Papua New Guinea Press, Port Moresby, pp.113-131.
10. Michael, H. (2001), “What About Workers? Mining and Labour in PNG”, in Imbun, B.Y. and McGavin P.A., (Eds.) Mining in Papua New Guinea, University of Papua New Guinea Press, Port Moresby, pp.63-80.
11. Mukherjee, R. (2004), “Impact of Leadership on Performance”, Labour Chronicle, Vol.26, No.5.
12. Prasad, M.S. (2001), “Leadership and Personality Development in Ship Building Industry in India”, Indian Journal of Commerce, Vol.47, No.2.
13. Rao, Subba, P. (2003), “Essentials of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations”, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai, pp.117-118.